Race, culture and identity ( social policy and criminology) Free Essay Example, 2750 words

Black, as a group category, refers to the black-skinned people of the African continent. As the Black became subjects to slavery and oppression, the identity of the Black as slaves is a result of socio-political action, which is colonisation. These two aspects are significant in the formation of self-hood as the morale of the Black is affected by the adverse treatment of their masters. As a result of slavery, Black-White antagonism develops and remains in White societies worldwide (Nagel, 1994, p. 153). According to Zach (2007, p. 102), race and ethnicity have distinct differences; ethnicity may be based on cultural traditions, while race refers to physical appearance. Race and ethnicity are essential factors influencing the development of identity (Chavez and Guido-DiBrito (1999, p. 40), and those concepts are necessary in understanding one’s self, society, and ancestry (Bernasconi, 2007, p. 123). With this definition, it can be said that racial and ethnic ascriptions determ ine the identity of a person. As mentioned by Ross (2003, p. 20), race, in the sociological context, is used as a technology in sorting people into different classes. As it relates to the Black subject, the word â€Å"race† becomes a symbol of historical and cultural injustice because of the prevailing misrepresentation of the African race, which signifies anger and dirt. We will write a custom essay sample on Race, culture and identity ( social policy and criminology) or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now While it can be said that race and ethnicity can be interpreted in different ways, those two concepts are closely intertwined as these determine the identity of a person or group. As the Blacks face issues such as racial discrimination and slavery, being Black means more than just a difference in color. What It Means To Be â€Å"Black† The term â€Å"Black† refers to those people with African decent; they are regarded as the â€Å"other† color. As this paper focuses on the race, identity, and ethnicity of the Black subject, it is necessary to provide readings on the identity of the Black. In the words of Du Bois (2006, p. 9), being â€Å"Black† means containing within one’s self two conflicting personalities and ideals: â€Å"One ever feels his twoness, --an American, a Negro: two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder. † This duality of nature confronts Blacks as they struggle to fit into two societies. Frank Fannon, in his essay The Fact of Blackness, describes his experiences as a Black in the light of the â€Å"white† power. According to Fannon (1952, p. 62), the African color seems like a corporeal malediction, which reminds Africans that there is more to color than its extrinsic value.

The Information Age How Safe Are We - 1525 Words

The Information Age: How safe are we? General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: I want my audience to understand that there are significant dangers in the age of technology and the Internet particularly regarding the privacy of protected information. Preview: While the Internet, cellphones and ATM machines provide us with a very convenient lifestyle there are inherent dangers-mostly and especially financial dangers, to those who share their personal information online or on their home computers. Introduction: I. Attention getter: I was checking my email and I ran across a message from PayPal, a popular internet site for processing online payments, that indicated that my account was being frozen due to suspicious activity and then asked me to verify personal information. I know for a fact that PayPal never asks for personal information via email so, I was being targeted for a scam to gather personal information. I wondered, how safe am I really, how much of my information can be used against me? Against anyone? I decided to investigate the phenomenon of the invasion of privacy and the business of information gathering in order to determine the overall damage done to those of us who trust supposedly secure websites, devices and businesses. II. Introduction: I am positive that I am not the only one here who has been subject to scams, information gathering techniques or ads targeted at them via emails or cellphones based on electronically stored information obtained byShow MoreRelatedThe Health And Safety Code Section 85.007 Education Program1323 Words   |  6 Pagesduring their lifetime,† (NCSL). In our society today sex is a very open subject and is being observed by young adults in everyday life. Walking down the street we see half naked women plastered on billboards and street signs, leaving nothing to the imagination and making adolescents everywhere question why and wonder what that is. As children we are taught that abstinence before marriage is the right way to live, and engaging in such activities is wrong and bad for your health. The Texas Health and SafetyRead MoreCyber Security And Its Effects On Our Lives1446 Words   |  6 Pagespast couple decades, with the enjoyment of technological advancement, came the vulnerability of what we hold so dear; our privacy. Troubles ranging from identity theft to home invasions now litter our social landscape. While the importance of these dangers is constantly exploited, laziness and lack of knowledge continue to turn average people into victims. So the issue at hand becomes, how do we protect our assets without completely disrupting our lives? Our lives will be impacted no action is takenRead MoreThe Utopia And Science Fiction Genres Of Books, Movies, And Even Video Games1199 Words   |  5 PagesTerm Paper Draft Imagine a country where its government can see all and know all about you, your family, and your friends. Nothing is safe. Nothing is private. Nothing is truly yours. This idea is often explored in the utopia and science fiction genres of books, movies, and even video games. In 1984, a book by George Orwell, citizens of Airstrip One, which was previously England, are under constant surveillance from their government and leader, Big Brother. Nothing in their country is privateRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesNearly 3 in 10 teenage American girls will get pregnant before the age of 20 (Hamilton, B.E.). That’s nearly 750,000 teen pregnancies every year. According to, â€Å"11 facts about teen pregnancy† less than 2% of teen moms earn a college degree by age 30 (Par. 2 5). There are many reasons for this and the best way to help limit teen pregnancy would be to require parents to attend teen pregnancy prevention meetings held by schools. One of the many problems is that most teens are not well informedRead MoreMission. To Provide A Safe Zone For Animals By Providing1333 Words   |  6 PagesMISSION To provide a Safe Zone for animals by providing quality, safe enviorment, exhibiting loving and humane behavior. As well as to advocate to others as well humane behavior to reduce suffering in the world. Our program provides rescue, rehabilitation, and safe zone to abandoned, neglected, and abused animals. THE ORGANIZATION †¢ This proposal is to fund emergency rescue, rehabilitation, and safe environment. †¢ Safe Zone is a non-profit organization. It is an organization that helps abused animalsRead MoreSex Education in Public Schools1188 Words   |  5 PagesSex education should be taught in public middle schools because: it decreases the chance of sexual diseases and teenage pregnancies, it is needed in case of a parents’ absence or neglect, and it also provides more knowledge about how sex works while debunking the myths surrounding sexual intercourse, and it makes some want to set goals for relationships. People say sex education encourages youth to engage in sexual activities rather than preventing sex. This is true; however, studies show that whenRead MoreRoad Safety Campaigns : How Safe Are You?1679 Words   |  7 PagesRoad Safety Campaigns: How safe are you? Every day many people become involved in road accidents. Some get killed, some just become injured where they have no use of a body part anymore. What really is the problem with the cause of these road accidents? Do people think that teenagers shouldn’t drive till they are older than sixteen? Do people think that as an elderly person they shouldn’t drive if they have certain health conditions? All of these questions can be answered but, they haven’t becauseRead MoreRoad Safety Campaigns : How Safe Are You?1533 Words   |  7 PagesRoad Safety Campaigns: How safe are you? Everyday many people become involved in road accidents. Some get killed, some just become injured where they have no use of a body part anymore. What really is the problem with the cause of these road accidents? Do people think that teenagers shouldn’t drive till their older than sixteen? Do people think that as an elderly person they shouldn’t drive if they have certain health conditions? All of these questions can be answered but they haven’t because thisRead MorePreventing Fatal Driving Accidents by Teaching Teenagers How to Drive1067 Words   |  5 Pagesaccess to full driving privileges at an early age, some of these collision are life change or result in death. To reduces numbers of fatalities, we most coach our youth to be safe driver. First step, as adult/parent(s) is let the child show initiative in driving. This is important because the teen might not have an interest in driving, when you(as the parent/adult) thinking they should be learning to drive . Wait on the teen to show an interest in learning how to drive. I started teaching my little cousinRead MoreI Am Very Comfortable With A Interview880 Words   |  4 Pagessituations and people easily as well as figure out our strengths as individuals and figure out how to use them to our advantage as a team. How comfortable are you in speaking to groups of people? What experiences, if any, do you have in public presentations? -I am very comfortable with speaking to large groups of people. I have always been comfortable doing so because I started acting at a young age and most of what I did was monologues and since then I have performed several times and persormed

Living Home vs Living Away Home Free Essays

Have you ever think on living away home? Or you prefer to live at home with your family? A lot of people, mainly students, have this question in mind. But to answer it is better to made a balance between what you will find living away and what you have living at home; but it is a difficult task because you will find a lot of differences and similarities in both situations. One obvious difference is food. We will write a custom essay sample on Living Home vs Living Away Home or any similar topic only for you Order Now Food is a minimal basis to have into consideration in our life. At home, well, you will probably were with your parent’s so they know where they can buy the cheaper and better food; whereas, if you live on your own away from home, you don ‘t anyone who could go to buy food at the right place or even, to advise you where to go to buy. In home you can also have your parent’s who cook instead of you and they also are the ones paying the food; on the contrary, living away meaner to learn how to cook and to pay your groceries. Other areas of difference between live at home and living away home involves money and rent. When you are at your parent’s’ house don t have to centered in saving big sums of money because the only things in what you are going to spend your money on is in your yens because you don ‘t have to pay any rent or any kind of expenses: you don ‘t have to pay community expenses, trash service, health insurance†¦ Because these expenses are in charge of your parent’s; in comparison, living away on your own you have to pay a rent and all kind of living expenses such as community charges, health insurance, social security expenses, and all of this sort of expenses for which you must to save a big sum of money to pay them. Another important difference is the state of freedom. At home you are always bound to the rules that your parent’s established and they, most of the time, are going to pay attention to you trying to know what you are doing, telling you how things must be doing under their rules because you are under the same roof as them; therefore, living away from home you can established your own rules and can do mostly anything you want to do. In spite of these differences, these two apparently opposite situations share several important experiences. Living at home and living away from home are alike in their comparability when you arrive after a day working or even studying and need a nap or even to relax yourself seeing the TV, reading, listening to music, gaming†¦ People and meet with your friends to go to the cinema or going shopping. Also, you will have shops around your home that let you buy things you need. Living at home can be compared to living away from home in the possibility of paving a room of your own where you can relax, study or stay with your friends seeing films, playing some game or chatting. There is not such a huge rift between living at home and living away from home, both situations has its good things and its bad things. Probably people think that it is more secured living at home because it is a place that they know and don ‘t want to risk themselves going to a place that can be good or bad for them. But there is no much difference between the two situations. How to cite Living Home vs Living Away Home, Papers

Prepare A Report of Financial Analysis On Barratt Developments Plc

Question: Required to prepare a report on Barratt Developments Plc that would be of interest to a potential shareholders using financial details and ratios. Answer: Introduction Company name and External Auditor The purpose of this report is to assist the investors in providing useful information which would help them in the decision of investment in the shares of Barratt Developments Plc. The information has been provided in the form of analysis of the financial statements of the company for the period ending 30th June, 2015 given in the annual report audited by Deloitte LLP. Financial ratios and change in the financial statements items have been calculated for the analysis. Brief Description of the Company Barratt Development Plc is one of the leading house builders operating across Britain. The company operates through four brands namely, Barratt Homes, David Wilson Homes, Barratt London and Wilson Bowden Developments. The first three are house building brands whereas the last one is for commercial developments. The company operates only in Britain and has delivered 16,447 total homes as of 2015. The distinguishing feature of the company is its capability to deliver developments at all level of complexity ranging from standard housing to large and highly complex schemes. The company employs a total of 5971 employees. Details of Chairman, CEO and Directors Title Name Chairman John Allan Chief Executive Officer Mark Clare Chief Finance Officer David Thomas Chief Operating Officer Steven Boyes Non Executive Director Tessa Bamford Non Executive Director Nina Bibby Senior Independent Director Mark Rolfe Non Executive Director Richard Akers General Counsel and Company Secretary Tom Keevil Market Capitalisation The total Market Capitalisation of the company for the year ended 30th June, 2014 was 368, 08, 83,246.08 (3.73*984983475) and for the year ended 30th June 2015 was 533, 56, 26,274 (5.36*99542663). Financial Details and Ratios 3.1 Table of % change in Income Statement items given in Annexure 3.2 Table of % change in Balance Sheet items given in Annexure 3.3 Table of % change in Cash Flow Statement items given in Annexure 3.4 Table of Financial Ratios given in Annexure The figures included in the annexure are as on 30th June 2014 and 2015 as per the annual report. Analysis and Interpretation Financial Statements The financial year 2015 has been a great year for Barratt Developments Plc. in terms of increase in revenue and profits. The revenue increased by 19% in 2015, mainly because of the strong housing market in Britain. Britain is recovering from the slowdown hence; the demand for housing is more than the supply, thereby, giving a lot of scope for the company to increase their revenue. Also, the house prices have gone up due to a shortfall in supply and availability of low interest mortgage finance. The cost of sales has also increased but the increase is less than the increase in revenue. This has been achieved by the company due to its efforts towards improvement in operational excellence by reducing cost of raw materials procured. The gross profit has increased by an impressive 35% and the operating profit has also increased by a remarkable 41%. This has been possible because of lower operating costs which include both cost of sales and selling and administrative expenses and increased revenue. The net profit has increased by a whopping 47% as the interest expense has gone down. The company has had a strong Balance Sheet in 2015. The current assets have increased by 21% as the cash balance has increased by 31%. Also other current assets like inventories and receivables have increased. The current liabilities have also increased by 22% mainly due to an increase in taxes payable, trade and land payables and accruals and deferred income. The short term debt has reduced. The non current assets have remained stable with a fall in 3.2% due to a fall in deferred income taxes. The non current liabilities have increased by 25% due to an increase in trade and other payables and a marginal increase in long term debt by 1 million. The Equity has increased by 10.5% due to an increase in the retained earnings by 18%. The share capital has also increased by 1 million. The cash position of the company has been strong in 2015. There has been an increase in cash from investing and financing activities by 216% and 38% respectively. The cash flow from investing activities has increased due an increase in the investments accounted for using the equity method; there was a decrease in these investments in 2014 by 59 million. The financing activities is negative but better than 2014. The inflow has been only in the form of issue of share capital of 1 million whereas the outflow is of approx 145 million accounted by dividends paid and loan repayment. The cash inflow from operations has reduced by 58% mainly due to an increase in inventory by more than 100% and increase in taxes paid. There has been a remarkable increase in net cash by 500% in 2015 as compared to 2014 with a positive cash balance of 86 million, thus making it a cash rich company. From the above analysis of the items of the financial statements, we see that the Income Statement has improved considerably, the Balance Sheet has remained mostly stable with only major movement in inventories, and the Cash Flow Statement has also improved significantly. Financial Ratios Profitability Ratios The profitability ratios have improved in 2015 as compared to 2014. The gross profit margin has improved by 2.2% due to an increase in revenue and a fall in cost of sales. The operating margin is 15.3%, an increase of 2.4% from 2014. The interest expense has reduced as the company has paid back some of its debt and there are no short term debts. The Return on Equity is 12.1%, an increase of 3% from 2014. The increase is due to an increase in the net income attributable to the equity shareholders. The share capital has increased by only by 1 million whereas the net income has increased by 47%, thus increasing the returns on equity. The company has not paid high dividends; rather they have retained the profits which they will use for growth of the company, thus promising a bright future for the shareholders. The Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) for the company is 13%, an increase of 2.5% from 2014. This capital employed has reduced by 23 million due to a decrease in debt of the compan y by approx 24 million whereas the equity has increase only by 1 million. The increase in ROCE is due to an increase in EBIT by 41%. This means the returns on the capital employed have improved significantly. The overall profitability of the company has been very good in 2015 and 2015 has been the year of highest ever profit before tax. Efficiency Ratios The Total Assets Turnover ratio is 0.6 for both 2014 and 2015 with a slight increase in 2015 by 0.04 points. The revenue as well as the total assets both has increased with increase in revenue being slightly more than the total assets. There has been almost no improvement in the efficiency with which the company is utilizing its assets to generate revenue. The Industry Standard for a Construction Industry Assets Turnover Ratio is 0.8, so we can say that Barratt Developments is not up to the industry standards and the company should try to utilize its assets better. The Inventory Turnover has is 0.7 for the company whereas the industry standard is more than 1. We can say that the company has managed its inventory better than the other companies in the industry. The number of days of inventory turnover has increased by 10 days but the increase is very less as compared to the increase in inventory, thus signifying improving inventory turnover. The Receivables Turnover has reduced in 201 5 to 24.6 lower by 6 points. But the industry turnover for receivables turnover is 15; hence, the company is not up to the industry standards. It is not utilizing its receivables properly to generate revenue. The company is providing more credit than what the other companies in the industry are giving. The receivable turnover days has increased to 15 days which means on an average it takes 15 days for the company to recover its sales revenue. The company needs to work on its inventory and receivables management to match up to the industry standards. Liquidity Ratios The Current ratio of the company is 3.3 in 2015 almost similar to what it was in 2014. The current ratio should be more than 1 as per industry standards; hence the company is quite liquid as per industry standards. The current assets are sufficient to pay for the companys liabilities. Looking at the Quick Ratio, which is only 0.4 because most of the current assets of the company are in the form of inventory. A lot of cash is tied up in the inventory making the company less liquid in short term i.e. the company is not in a position to release cash immediately. However, this is the nature of a construction industry as the product they sell i.e. homes and buildings have a long construction period which is why the product of the company is mostly in WIP and it may take years for a product to complete, thus increasing the inventory. The Interest Coverage Ratio has improved by 300% in 2015 due to an increase in operating income and a decrease in interest expense. The company is comfortably able to pay for its finance charges from its operating income, thus making the company liquid. Financial Stability Ratio The Gearing ratio of the company is 0.05 in 2015 a slight increase from 2014. The company has very low debt as compared to the equity share capital. In the year 2015, the company has further reduced its short term debt by 24 million and increased the equity by 10.5%. The company relies mostly on its equity capital for funding its operations. Though this makes the company quite stable from shareholders point of view, but the company is unable to use the debt to gain tax benefits and has very low gear. Investment Ratio The Dividend Yield Ratio is 2.2% in 2015, an increase of 0.7% from 2014. The increase is due to a market capitalisation increase and an increase in dividends paid. It is good news for investors as there is an appreciation in the market value of the share and also an increase in the dividends paid, thus giving them more cash returns. Performance and Position up to December, 2015 Looking at the above analysis, we can say that the company has a strong profitability and stability. Even the liquidity is good looking at the nature of the industry the company is. The returns to shareholders are also satisfactory. The performance of the company has been quite satisfactory in 2015 with increasing profits and a strong balance sheet. A potential investor could look at investing in the company as it gives goods return on stocks and the fundamentals of the company are also strong with a strong future outlook instigated by a clear strategy and continuous improvement in management and operational capabilities. Possible Improvements to the Companys Annual Report Disclosure of dividends policy and practice Currently the annual report of Barratt Developments Ltd. does not have a dividend policy disclosure in the Accounting Policies. There is a mention of the dividend policy on page no. 17 of the annual report, but a detailed policy is not given. The policy is needed in the annual report as it reflects the companys cash and capital management process. Both debt and equity investors are interested in knowing how the company balances between the various competing priorities like investment needs, targets of credit rating agencies and other forms of return to stockholders. The policy could be either Progressive or payout ratio. Also, the disclosure would include how the company worked in order to deliver according to the policy. The above policy will appear on page no. 112 117 in the Accounting Policies section of the annual report. Reporting of Pay and Performance Currently the pay is reported in the Remuneration report section of the annual report. FRC lab suggests that the remuneration information should be clear and simple. The investors favour scenario charts being prepared which will access the relationship between the remuneration of the CEO and the company performance. The company is expected to provide three scenario bar charts i.e. when performance meets, exceeds and falls below the target. The bar chart will have the breakup of total remuneration into fixed, annual variables and long term incentives. Currently, the annual report of the company provides only the details of each of the executive directors salary; the scenario charts are not included. The above reporting of pay and performance will be done in the Remuneration Report given on page no. 75. Presentation of the Operating Cash Flow Currently the details of the operating cash flow by the indirect method are being shown in the notes to the financial statements. According to FRC lab reports, the indirect method of reconciling the profit or loss to the operating cash flow should be shown in the main part of the Cash Flow Statement. This is helpful to the investors when they view the annual report on the electronic media. The above suggestion of reporting the Operating Cash Flow in the main Cash Flow Statement would be given in the Financial Statements section of the annual report present in page no. 111. Appendix a) Consolidated income statement /consolidated statement of comprehensive income Consolidated statement of financial position Consolidated cash flow statement b) Financial details and Ratios References Barratt Developments Plc, (2015), Barratt Development Plc Annual Report and Accounts, 2015 Morningstar, (2015), Barratt Developments Plc Financials, accessed on 20th January, 2016, available https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=BDEVion=gbrculture=en-US Ive, G., Murray, A., (2013), Trade Credits in the UK Construction Industry: An Empirical Analysis of Construction Contractor Financial Positioning and Performance, BIS Research paper no. 118, Department of Business Innovation and Skills CSImarket, (2016), Construction Services Industry: Efficiency Information and Trends, accessed on 20th January, 2016, available at, https://csimarket.com/Industry/industry_Efficiency.php?ind=205 FRC, (2012), Lab Project Report: Operating and Investing Cash Flows, The Financial Reporting Council Limited FRC, (2015), Disclosure of Dividends policy and practice, The Financial Reporting Council Limited FRC, (2013), Lab Project Report: Reporting of Pay and Performance, The Financial Reporting Council Limited Yahoo finance, (2016), Barratt Developments Plc, Historical Prices, accessed online on 20th January,availablehttps://in.finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=BDEV.La=05b=30c=2014d=05e=30f=2015g=m

Chinese Women Essays (2317 words) - Chinese Women, Gender Studies

Chinese Women China, located in East Asia, is the third largest country by area and the largest country by population in the world. While China has one-fifth of the worlds total population, and it also has one of the earliest civilizations, dating back to some 5000 years ago. China is often distinguished for its technological advances and intelligence, but in the early 20th century, Chinese society was far from perfect. The women in China, lived a slow and difficult life, bound by tradition and obedience. Women had to bind their feet at birth or face adversity throughout their entire lives. Footbinding was a painful process that allowed women to be thought of as beautiful and a good future wife. However, their roles in society soon changed, with the invading Communism. Women soon received the same treatment and the respect Chinese men had because of Western ideas and influence. Chinese women suffered pain and heartache their entire lives. From the moment a woman was born, she was considered nothing, she was unimportant.1 Sons were all that mattered because the family name would live in them, while a daughter would be married off and take on the duties for their in-laws. A woman earned little respect from her family. For example, when a son born was born, the umbilical cord was saved in a jar. However, if a daughter was born, her umbilical cord was buried outside because she left and married off when coming to age and there was no need to save the umbilical cord of a guest.2 They were mostly uneducated and played out the role of a servant or slave. They did everything: they washed, knitted, and were required to serve our marital duties.3 In dealing with the challenges that women faced, one primary fact becomes apparent- a woman rarely had a free day without chores or problems. Unborn while inside the womb, a girl baby faced the possibility of being aborted because there was no time, or money, to care for her.4 Each day she lived she was forced to complete so many chores that she became tired out when the day was over. Along with basic necessities such as bathing and eating a women served their families, cooked all the meals, cleaned all by themselves, and then worked the humid fields.5 It was nearly impossible for women to leave the family and make something out of themselves because they had very little education. They were required to leave when the boys were studying or asked to copy some words out of a book, when the tutor was free.6 Although they were given some money for groceries and other supplies, women could not spend cash freely, without a mans permission.7 In addition, when their husbands brought home a concubine, a mistress or prostitute, there was no scene of jealously, unacceptance, or animosity. If these feelings were displayed, the women were shamed and this was a way for the male to request for a divorce.8 Death, a time for release and independence, was not such a time for women. There were two worlds. The Shadow World was female, with a negative essence, and all things motionless and deep. The Light World was male, with a positive essence, with all things strong and high. Women still endured agony while a man had nothing but happiness.9 Constrained by tradition and the family, a women complied to the rules of filial piety. They accepted that their lives and bodies were not their own, but gifts from their parents.10 Women were not loose or casual, but very closed and formal. Thus, women informed their parents where they were going, what they were doing, and needed permission on important life decisions.11 Simply, they were restricted in every way possible. If women were ignorant that was their virtue; they were more obedient to their in-laws.12 In childhood, the father was in control. They never entered the fathers vicinity unless asked and never left it without his consent. Girls spoke when they were spoken to, had to anticipate their fathers wishes, and when scolded, they thanked him for his corrections.13 Moreover, love was not a deciding factor, in marriage. The women were promised to other families by their parents or masters, and could not object.14 The in-laws and husband were in power after a women wed. Distant behavior and respect and love for the in-laws, were a must. The relationship with the in-laws was more important than the one with the husband.15 Motherhood was where the in-laws

How Was The Universe Created Professor Ramos Blog

How Was The Universe Created Leanne Rasmussen English 010 October 4, 2018 Scientist are constantly coming up with new theories all the time. The most famous theory they have claimed is the Big bang theory. It is scientist way of explaining how the universe began into existence. The universe began extremely hot and extremely dense. Around 14 billion years ago, space itself expanded and cooled down. Eventually it allowed atoms to form and clump together to build the stars and galaxies we see today. Cosmologists are unsure what happened before this moment but with constant new technology scientists have been working to paint a clearer picture of the early universe and its formation. All scientist really understand is   that a big explosion happened to create the universe into existence but are still trying to figure out how it all happened. Science is always coming up with new theories and evidence that question the   most famous explanation of how the universe was created which is the big bang theory. The theory first started from an astronomer named Georges Lemaà ®tre, who observed in the late 1920s that the universe is expanding.   Cartwright claims, â€Å"Thats nice and neat as far as it goes. But it stops short of describing all the stuff within space-time stuff that is governed by quantum theory. This most successful of theories deals with the small, yet finite: particles and chunks of energy.†   The big bang theory is the number one theory most people think the world was created by. Science is always changing and coming up with new ideas of how the universe was created. Astronomers make three assumptions about the universe based on theory and observation. â€Å"The laws of physics are universal and don’t change with time or location in space. The universe is homogeneous, or roughly the same in every direction. Humans do not observe the universe from a privileged location such as at its very center† (Tate) Scientist apply all these possible outcomes to each theory to try and come up with a new explanation. One theory astronomers came up with is the steady state theory. â€Å"The Steady State theory acknowledges that the universe is expanding, but it also states that the cosmos doesnt change its appearance over time. It looks the same now as it always has. Astronomers refer to this characteristic of the Steady State theory as the perfect cosmological principle† (Bakich).   In order for this theory to work new matter needed to pop up into existence but of course something can’t come from nothing. Eventually this theory was proven wrong and was not valid. This theory had died id 1964 when two radio astronomers by the names of Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation that the Big Bang theory accurately predicts. The next theory Scientists have come up with is the Eternal Inflation theory.   The theory believes, â€Å"The entire universe was packed into a region billions of times smaller than a single proton. And under the right conditions, a mere milligram of matter could create an eternal, self-reproducing universe.†(Dorminey). So in other words, some would say that the earth is always, evolving, reproducing, and will be eternal. It’s also stated that, â€Å"Eternal inflation is a completely useless theory because it makes no predictions and produces an infinite number of possibilities†(Dorminey). The next theory that some scientist would suggest but mostly theologians is that the earth was created by a creator. Which means God , a powerful omnipotent being created everything into existence. In the bible it says in Genesis 1:1, â€Å"In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was without form and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.†   This is one simple explanation of how the earth was possibly created. God being almighty and powerful spoke the earth into existence. In the bible it talks about how the earth was formed in 7 days. He created everything with a purpose and form. Leading us to where we are today where everything in existence has a place and specific purpose. Another possible theory is called the cyclic universe theory, â€Å"is a model of cosmic evolution according to which the universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling, each beginning with a â€Å"big bang† and ending in a â€Å"big crunch†(Steinhardt). This theory proclaims that the big bang wasn’t the beginning of time but rather a moment when gravitational energy and other forms of energy are transformed into new matter. A lot of the observations that are made are based off of the gravitational waves and the fine-scale statistical distribution of matter.    Each of these theories have certain things in common whether it be because things were formed over time or a big explosion happened. Scientist are still to this day coming up new possible outcomes to how the universe was created. We don’t really know for sure but with our new technology being improved scientist can make close assumptions to one of the most interesting concepts society tries understand. The big bang theory is the most common theory out all of the theories. A lot of theories have died over time because it had been proven wrong. Not all people will agree with the big bang theory but scientist have given us some explanation and some concept of how the universe was possibly created. To this day science wants to constantly improve and evolve. As humans we can’t possibly know everything but we can learn and grow from what we know. The universe and space in general is an interesting concept to comprehend. It’s interesting to see the possible outcomes of how the universe was formed into existence and see how things came to be. The universe is very unique and powerful. Everything has a place and purpose, sometimes too big to comprehend.   In life we see the beauty of our world. Even though there are many possible theories of how the universe was created we see that the life on this earth is so a valuable. Work Cited Cartwright J. THE BIG BOIL. (Cover story). New Scientist. 2018;237(3169):30-33.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=128461566site=ehost-live. Accessed October 4, 2018. Karl Tate, Alternatives to the Big Bang Theory Explained (Infographic), Space.com, February 21,2014. https://www.space.com/24781-big-bang-theory-alternatives-infographic.html Bakich, Michael E. â€Å"10 Crazy Ideas from Astronomy’s Past.† Astronomy, vol. 38, no. 8, Aug. 2010, p. 32. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=f5hAN=51451224site=ehost-live. Dorminey, Bruce. â€Å"WHAT TRIGGERED THE BIG BANG? (Cover Story).† Astronomy, vol. 39, no. 10, Oct. 2011, p. 24. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=f5hAN=65832005site=ehost-live. Steinhardt, Paul J. Princeton Center for Theoretical Science and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey., 2009

Sociology reserch project paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sociology reserch project paper - Essay Example For this particular research, the focus of ethnographic study shall be better insisted on the people living in Rocks Australia (Erickson, et al, 2000). The researcher intends to find out how the location and history of Rocks Australia affect the way of living of the people residing in it and the perception of the people who are simply visiting the place. Through the application of a collaborative research approach, the researcher of this ethnographic presentation intended to see the different features of Rock, Australia itself and that of the people residing in it. Through the collaborative research approach, the researcher and his colleges were able to establish a particular standing in the process by which they attain to create a more significant distinction towards the originality of the culture and the traditions that the society living in Australia is practically living in (Fine, 2001). The basic features of this methodology is that of the process by which the researchers themselves would have a first-hand observation of the ideal matters that creates and further recreates the lives of the people within their communities (Miller,2002). The researchers have practically seen the effectiveness of this methodology as they consider the need to make a practical observation on the society, its location, its build-up and other elements that makes it up so as to be able to particularly identify the instantaneous consideration that is needed in identifying the people of the area and how they are living or even possibly how their ancestors have lived before in connection with the present living situation of the people. Besides plain research and observation, tying the garnered outcomes from the said procedures are tied up with the necessary choices of theories that could be used to identify the reasons behind the issues of changes that happened to the society in focus that has been evident through the years. Among the theories to be examined to come up with a usable source of ethnographic information about Rocks, Australia is that of the theory of sense of place by Basso; another theory is that of the emotional geography (Kottak, 2005). These elemental theories that further explain the reasons behind social advancement and ethnological development of a particular group of people within a certain area of consideration are seen by the researcher to have a great impact on how the systems of progress present in Rocks Australia could be better understood and clarified (Miller, 2002). The clarification of such identifiable developments in the society residing within the territories of Rocks Australia is eyed by the researcher as an institutionalized basis of understanding the why's and the how's behind the immense progress not only of the place in Rocks but also that of the people residing within it. (Spradley 2003) Results The researchers were able to observe that many people residing, as well as of those simply visiting the area, consider Rocks, Sydney as a particular place of rich history and integrative past that could stand as the mark of its identifiable uniqueness in all Sydney. Basically sided with the French and European culture, Rocks, Australia has particular characteristics that are basically the same as

Big Data, Business Intelligence, and Data Analytics in Decision Making Essay

Big Data, Business Intelligence, and Data Analytics in Decision Making - Essay Example It resources and strategies have therefore contributed the following to the companies. It is the interest of businesses to thrive the most in terms of dominating the market share of where they aim to dispose their products. This cannot take place if the company does not understand some of the dynamics that it experiences over time and respond to them appropriately as a management concern. Understanding of these dynamics can lead to designing of better strategies to shelve the main competitors in the scramble for better ways of bringing a widening the market base of the products. To make a good understanding of the dynamics, the companies much understand all the data related to the company so that they can make a much more informed decision. Analysis of these data can only be done with the assistance of IT knowledge (Sathi, 2012). In this sense, IT software is able to process heavy bundles of data from all types and subsequently unravel the hidden correlations and patterns associated with the data. This information will be helpful for companies to create a way of having a competitive advantage over the rivals in the business enabling them to enjoy benefits that comes with business such as effective marketing strategy as well as revenue increment for the company (Sathi, 2012). IT services such as those given by the Big Data Analytics are of paramount importance to businesses in the sense that they make it easier for business to make decisions based on material facts. IT services enable the business to make rational conclusion on some of the data that are not tapped by the conventional businesses intelligence systems that have been used to help in making business decision (Ohlhorst, 2012). Without IT assistance in the business, huge volumes of data that relates to the business can go unattended to given the fact that traditional business intelligence analysis cannot process them so that important inferences can be drawn from them. Information such as those from We b servers, activities drawn from the social media reports, details of the mobile phone calls, information extracted from sensors, and the information from the internet click stream (Ohlhorst, 2012). Big data and bid data analytics are able to use this unconventional data to allow business make informed choices on how to go about their businesses in terms of making steps ahead of their competitors and increasing their revenue base over time. It is thus advisable for companies that have long-term strategies in business to go the IT way in most of their activities. This is in conformity with the fact that timely information in business, more so those that are in a highly competitive landscape is an essential tool in shielding the competitors off the game (Ohlhorst, 2012) A case Study: Wal-Mart Stores Wal-mart stores is one of the leading private companies in the world with the highest number of employees according the report released by the fortune 500. As such, the company has to put a lot of spirited fight in the market to keep with the standard it has set over the last years. In view of such, the company must engage the services of the Bid data to provide them with the critical information that will help them make decision regarding what strategies they should use to satisfy the demand of their customers. For example, though the services of the IT, they are able to know which grocery is liked by many

Science Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Science - Assignment Example The research conducted revealed that medical conspiracy theories are known and endorsed predicting many health behaviors. Individuals endorsing these theories are normal thus conspiracies arise from common process of attribution. The medical conspiracies act as diagnostic tools for many health practitioners since conspiracies do not follow the traditional medical advice. There are numerous ways to categorize conspiracy theories. Individuals who tend to believe in conspiracy theories endorse a fictitious theory that is made up for experimental purposes. Personality and belief variables are significantly related to conspiracy theories. This results into the question the question of what factors account for variance in conspiracy theories? The psychologist in this study has been unable to come up with factors that account for more than 10% of the common variance (Furnham 5). Thus, individual difference variables explain little of variance in such beliefs. This is in consideration that beliefs in conspiracy theories are widespread across the

Social Construction of Childhood Essay

Social Construction of Childhood Essay In order to consider how child protection policy and practice has been shaped, a definition of child protection and significant harm and abuse is required. The Department for Education (DFE, 2011) defines child protection as the action that is carried out to safeguard children who are suffering, or are likely to suffer, significant harm. Furthermore the Children Act (1989) defines harm as ill-treatment including neglect, emotional, sexual and physical abuse. Interestingly, Parton et al (2012) suggested that determinations of what should be considered child abuse are socially constructed, and are therefore reflective of the culture and values at a specific moment in time. To begin, childhood is a status that is documented worldwide and throughout history, which sometimes sees the child as innocent ,vulnerable, a consumer, a worker alongside other household earners, a threat to society and it is a construction that changes over time and place (Prout, 2005). Historians of childhood have argued over the meaning, such as Aries (1960) cited by Veerman (1992, p5) stated the concept of childhood didnt exist before the seventeenth century; therefore children were mini adults with the same rights, duties and skills. This idea was supported by the poor law (1601) which was a formal system of training children in trades to contribute to society when they grew up (Bloy, 2002). Another example came from Locke (1632-1734) and the Tabula Rasa model. This proposes that children were morally neutral and were the products of their parents (Horner, 2012). The nineteenth century showed it was the parents responsibility to offer love and pertinent correction, to bring out the good in their nature thus helping them to become contributing members of society. This could easily lead to blaming the parents as good or bad based on the behaviours of their child, since the child was not considered as his own agent. Legislation such as the 1834 Poor Law Reform Act would support Lockes idea as children who were sent to workhouses, would participate in schooling to imprint knowledge. Evidently a number of scandals occurred from inmates eating rotting flesh from bones to survive. The governments response implemented sterner rules for those operating workhouses, along with regular inspections (cited by Berry 1999, p29). Fox Harding (1997) described this era as laissez faire whi ch was based on the family being private with minimal state intervention around children. An alternative concept from Rousseau (1712) suggested the idea childhood being about innocence and a child was born angelic until the world influenced them. This was significant in terms of child protection with the implementation of childrens charities such as Save the Children (founded in 1919). They portrayed children in a variety of adult situations and as poor victims worthy of being rescued using contemporary ideas of childhood (Macek, 2006). Interestingly the Children and Young Persons Act (1933) was also introduced to protect these children from any person legally liable and likely to cause injury to their health. What is obvious is that harm was not clearly understood, considering caning in schools was common until 1987 and stopped because of corporal punishment being abused in schools (Lutomia and Sikolia, 2006). Moving into the twentieth century took a wide shift from the laissez faire approach and along with the concept of childhood, became the notion of state paternalism. Child protection practice was based on extensive state intervention to protect children from poor parental care (Fox Harding, 1997). These changes led to a sharing of blame with their parents for children becoming anti-social (a demon) or a great achiever (an angel) in society. The demonic model illustrated by Pifer (2000) was already seen in childhood construction but blamed society, not the child, when as Rousseau noted is the romantic discourse that becomes tainted with the crooked outside world. These historical concepts dictated that children should be seen and not heard and every aspect of the childs life should be determined by their parents or guardians. Although the shift is evident, it could be argued that the laissez faire and paternalist perspective shared a common view of children having limited capacity for independence and decision making. Pollock (1983) would argue that children were not miniature adults as Aries (1960) claimed, but actually were at a significantly a lower level of development and so had distinctive needs from adults. This suggests as immature people they could make mistakes and be excused from full responsibility for their actions. Given the current high profile debates on children, it is public outrage and moral panics in the media that frequently changes the way things are seen. The research into child deaths has prompted changes in legislation (Parton et al, 2012). Key events such as the death of Maria Coldwell (1974) and Jasmine Beckford (1984), led to specialist workers instead of generic workers. The immediate bureaucratic response which reframed child protection practice was no longer intervention into preventative work but became more focused on assessing risk. Serious case reviews in to a childs death was undertaken as a way of discovering how the tragedy occurred, who was responsible, what professionals were involved, rationalising individual actions and learning lessons for future practice (Rose and Barnes, 2008). The publics perception of social workers placed more pressure on this notion of identifying risk before the child died which developed many theories and models for the professional to pract ice. In contrast to the numerous child deaths, the Cleveland case in 1988 evidenced the over enthusiasm of state intervention. Children were removed from their families based on medical assessments grounded on uncertain scientific knowledge (Hawkes, 2002). The inquiry recommended greater rights for parents and children and suggests the separation from families was seen as abuse itself (Ashden, 2004). This, and proceeding enquires into the deaths of children, offered dilemmas for social workers representing the most visible agencies within the child protection system, in terms of whether a child should be removed or not. This event was a major policy driver to the Children Act 1989, where parents rights have been replaced with responsibility and ensuring children turn out to be good citizens of society. However it could be argued that in practice today the Cleveland event still carries stigma with parents believing their children are going to be taken into care. Sexual abuse statistics fro m the NSPCC (2012) state 20, 758 children in 2009 were subject to sexual abuse with a decline in 2010/11 to 17,727. This result could offer a suggestion that preventative work and forceful criminal justice system in the last two decades is responsible. Alternatively it could be argued there may have been no decline at all and is purely a drop in the number of cases being identified. Interestingly Child protection: Messages from Research conducted in the early 1990s (DoH, 1995) examined the role of the Children Act 1989. The document defied the socio-medical model of child abuse and reframed and contextualised the notion of the dangerous family. This suggested that the responsibility was to be laid on the parents of children that fall out of particular construct in order to combat poverty and crimes. Children such the murderers of Jamie Bulger in 1993 were children carrying out unthinkable, far from innocent acts. However this case offered a different construct as children with a dual status. They committed a crime as an adult yet they were still children in need of protection. Society wanted to look at their background to decide if watching horror movies or having divorced parents or poor discipline made them kill a little boy. Given the medias response the nature nurture debate came to the forefront with notions of being born bad, to being made bad. Fascinatingly the historical view had been to protect children, yet moral panics made society shift to demonising children, branding them as wicked and evil (Bracchi, 2010). The legislation that had previously sought to protect children had also come into conflict with the boundaries of criminal law, as it does not recognise them as children over ten years of age (Molan, 2008). It could be argued that criminal law agrees with Aries (1960) and children are mini adults, yet social workers guidance refers to children up to the age of seventeen. One could question how professionals can work together when legislations cannot agree what age a child is. Further spotlight cases such as Victoria Climbie (2003) highlighted failings of multi-agency workers (Lamming 2003) and facilitated to shape the next change in legislation. The Every Child Matters green paper which outlined five outcomes to be achieved by all children was enshrined in law as part of The Childrens Act (2004). These were defined as, stay safe, be healthy, enjoy and achieve, achieve economic wellbeing, and make a positive contribution (Knowles, 2006) which gave professionals direction on the minimum requirements for every child, and allowed social workers to intervene to meet these needs in child protection practice. Nonetheless, the coalition government in 2010 abolished this agenda (McDermid, 2012) suggesting that families are not as important, even though it has underpinned social work practice for a number of years. Nevertheless child deaths continued to be a growing problem, the Baby Peter case (2008) indicated that individuals are failing children and again multi-agency communication is poor in assessing risk. Another case that followed approximately a year later was the Edlington boys (2009) who tortured two young boys. Society then blamed foster placements and care systems suggesting they do not work and foster placements are as bad as the families they were removed from. Cases such as these developed blame culture, where children were perceived as being failed by the government workers; usually the social workers less often the police and the politicians (Community Care, 2012). The public outcries and criticisms of social services made social workers practice on the side of caution. This suggests the romantic concept of childhood (i.e. protection of innocence), came to the forefront and children were seen as vulnerable and in need of protection. It appears that each disaster that happens th e social construct of children changes. Indeed, researchers into twenty-first century childhood such as Sue Palmer (2006) refers to a Toxic Childhood which is the harm society is causing to children through a competitive, consumer driven, screen-based lifestyle. The media and internet evidence how much it has made it available for children to consider adult notions and behaviours, alcohol, sexual activity, drug use and teenage violence that show that differences between adulthood and childhood are disappearing. Nevertheless it could be debated that contradictory attitudes remain commonplace with children being constructed as innocent little angels and little devils, innately capable of the most awful types of crime until the adults in society influenced them as Rousseau (1712) noted. Despite these criticisms the families that children live continue to be judged as secretive with children growing into poor citizens due to not being protected by them. Very often poor families are classed as poor parents and certain constructions take place without the family even being assessed. To exemplify Tucks (2002) identified a connection between all forms of abuse and social deprivation, but a possible explanation is that perpetrators target vulnerable children or women to secure access to children; socially deprived neighbourhoods are characterised by relatively large numbers of lone parents. Through the pressures of their circumstances and in family crisis, parents had become caught up in a child protection system that was more attuned to assessing risk than to bringing out the best in parents struggling in adversity (DoH, 1995). Moreover Owen and Pritchard (1993) identified the difficulties in classifying at risk and the criterion for assessing what constitutes abuse. Indeed professionals hold a variety of opinions towards what constitutes abuse and could be argued that this alone diminishes the identification of risk to a child. Nonetheless professionals are still expected to protect children by the Children Act 1989 which does outlines significant harm, but it is very ambiguous in terms of definition (Brandon et al 1999). Munros report (2011) on Child Protection agrees that social work involves working with this uncertainty and not able to see what goes on in families which suggests little shift . The defensive practice may come from workers who are expected to manage this uncertainty if the issue of abuse and neglect is not clearly labelled. Since the implementation of the Children Act 1989 the emphasis on the childs rights has become very controversial. The idea of protecting children by giving those rights may have been problematic for adults in terms of taking them seriously which arguably could be minimal representation they have had over the years. Additionally adults may be averse to handing over power to their children, because as the early historians suggested, the adult knows what is best for their children. Franklin (2002) suggests a conflict between adults rights and childrens rights could offer explanations for demonization of children. Another idea could be that giving children rights takes away a childs childhood. This may have been viewed from the idealistic construction of childhood being a period of innocence where they consider that children should not be concerned with important decision-making and responsibility. To further support childrens rights, the Children Act 2004 updated the legislation to include the abolishment of physical punishment (NSPCC, 2012). However, Owen and Pritchards (1983) idea of cultural relativism whereby specific behaviours in some families is attributed to cultural practice, questions the concept of how significant harm can actually be measured. In cases of child abuse, black and ethnic minority children could arguably be at a higher risk, as warning signs that would have been picked up are ignored and accepted to be cultural practices and norms. For instance Rogers, Hevey and Ash (1989) state that the beating of West Indian children can be viewed as traditional use of chastisement within that culture, rather than observed as physical abuse of children. Owen and Pritchard (1983) propose this aspect to racist beliefs and stereotyping, where culture is considered deviant rather than the actions of a caregiver. Conversely Munro (2008) considers Effective Child Protection and points out the significance on the value of relationships between families and the worker and suggests this leads to better outcomes by understanding the families and cultures. An effective assessment and intervention in child protection draws from having good interactions and aids parents to disclose information and collaborate with authorities. It could be argued if a worker does not believe in certain cultural practices that children could become at risk when maybe they are not. Another point to consider is the risk posed by professionals that work with children. Society has created an assumption that the rich, social workers, teachers and other professionals that work in child focused roles follow the legislation on protecting our children from significant harm. Yet through the power of this trust professionals have abused in safe spaces for children. For example the murder of Jessica Chapman and Holly Wells by the school caretaker in 2002, identified significant failings with regard to police vetting procedures (HMIC, 2004) and the notion of grooming and abusing positions of trust was incorporated into the Sexual Offences Act 2003. Considering the Act was implemented in 2003 Nursery manager Vanessa George was found guilty in 2009 of abusing children in her nursery. The review found a systemic failure in communication throughout and highlighted a common theme of assumption provided a fruitful environment in which to abuse, a point that has been proficiently highlighted by the mainstream press. The child protection policies and procedures were inadequate and rarely followed (Community Care, 2009). This suggests that Vanessa prayed on the innocence of children knowing how society views her as a practitioner. Cases such as this called for a review of vetting adults who work with children and formed a piece of legislation, the protection of freedoms Act (2012) which focuses on roles working closely with vulnerable groups. Some children related posts such as governors and school inspectors were being removed from the lists although they require having contact with children (Kelly, 2012). Additionally supervised volunteers will no longer be classed as working in regulated activity. Therefore, individuals barred from working in regulated activity can still volunteer at your school, as long as they are supervised. It could be argued that although the government is keen to scale back the cost of vetting, it does not take into account the risk of grooming which is not negated by supervision. Furthermore, this process does not allow schools to check the barred list when recruiting volunteers which suggests it is providing a false sense of security for all. A further report into child protection by Munro A child centred practice in 2011, established that a universal approach to child protection is preventing the main focus of the child. Munro recommended that the Government and local authorities should continually learn from what has happened in the past, however this could be difficult when cases such as Jamie Buglers that clamped the hatchet to protect the boys. One could question what lessons can be learnt from such secretive cases. Additionally, it could be argued that Munros child centred approach offers a potential negative impact on children and professionals. For instance, if the government removes the prescriptive practice that professionals may be using as guidance, this could create the potential to miss the signs of a child being abused based on judgement alone. Having considered this idea, future risks assessment needs to change, a theoretical and practical model needs to be considered to allow state intervention in cases where a caregivers ability to care for a child is questioned. The British government will be pivotal to play a major role in reforming existing legislation and constructing new strong legislation to allow involvement by care services in the most high risk cases of child abuse. This request on the government is a consequence of the philosophy of risk now predominant in the UK, and is assumed that the government has the skill to anticipate and stop abuse and harm which in turn holds the government responsible when this does not happen. In conclusion, the historical views of childhood can be seen throughout the numerous ideological discourses which determine how constructions of childhood continue to influence laws and legislation concerning the ways in which child protection is shaped. Although it is recognised that childhood warrants some degree of protective status, socioeconomic and cultural circumstances also affect young childrens behaviour and the way professionals practice. Those changed conditions also influence adult beliefs about rearing children and how protecting children should be. The emphasis on risk and assessing risk has changed over time, certainly through media, society and legislation. As outlined there are some recurrent issues such as the recognition of significant harm, taking appropriate action, effective communication and achieving an appropriate balance between supporting families and disruptive intervention to safeguard and promote childrens welfare. Nevertheless child protection has been around for a number of years and indicates that there is a correlation between legislation, society and the construct of childhood which continually mirrors each other and will probably continue to do so.

A.M.Holmes Music For Torching, Seth MacFarlanes Family Guy, and Tony

A.M.Holmes' Music For Torching, Seth MacFarlane's Family Guy, and Tony Kushner's Angels in America The social progression of America in the 20th and 21st centuries has been arguably advantageous. In the years following the feminist and civil rights movements, the United States has undeniably developed into the world’s leading democratic system. Women and minorities have equal citizenship status under the law. There are more females in the workforce than ever before, and formerly guarded issues such as homosexuality and domestic problems can now be addressed openly in social and political forums. However, the question remains as to whether or not such progression has benefited American culture and its population as a whole. Perhaps we have become too liberal, too timorous at addressing one another’s differences, resulting in the perpetual fear of coming across as too politically incorrect when expressing one’s opinions. Perhaps our social order has become excessively inverted; women are born intended to slave over the hot stove, and only males and females are b iologically prearranged to copulate. Perhaps we are still not tolerant enough, as many minorities still suffer quietly under a largely heterosexual-Caucasian-male-dominated regime. What we have gained from free thinking and global assimilation, we have also lost in traditional principles. Despite the cultural uncertainties that have risen from national change, it is evident that the â€Å"American dream† is no longer the embodiment of attaining the white picket fence and happy home that it once was. Postmodern texts seek to examine this social revolution by examining and questioning our social evolution. Three examples of such texts, A.M. Homes’ Music For Torching, Seth... ...ent of theories and doctrines? Have the values of America diminished because of such progression? Or has our nation not progressed at all, and remained stagnant because, as Kushner would contend, we have repeatedly committed the same societal mistakes throughout history? Though we have solved certain dilemmas, new ones have arisen. Americans cherish free enterprise, yet we have come to recognize that money cannot buy happiness. Women may now enter the workforce, but are forced to arbitrate between a career and children. Husbands face mid-life crises about the issue of their masculinity. In general, the simple idealism of the rags-to-riches success story is no longer the dream of the postmodern American. Our ambition has instead become a fixation with establishing and accepting one’s own identity and the identities of others despite continuing social uncertainties.

Are You Sure It’s Fat Free

Introduction: Food industry misleads us by calculating the fat content in packaged food on â€Å"weight basis† whereas the fat content (having to do more with the calorific value of a food item and not its weight) actually has to be calculated on the basis of the calorie value of the food item. So, the â€Å"calorie basis† is what has to be applied to know how much fat our food items actually carry. Here are three interesting eye-openers!! Breakfast: Oatmeal (Single serving = 45 g) Calories in a single serving = 160 Fat content is 2 g 1 g of fat has 9 calories 2 g of fat = 2 * 9 = 18 calories. The fat content is (18/160) * 100 = 11. 25 % Protein content is 1. 8 g 1 g of protein has 4 calories 1. 8 g of protein = 1. 8 * 4 = 7. 2 calories The protein content is (7. 2/160) * 100 = 4. 5% Lunch: Raisin Bran Crunch (Single serving = 60 g) Calories in a single serving = 190 Fat content is 1 g 1 g of fat has 9 calories The fat content is (9/190) * 100 = 4. 74 % Protein content is 3 g 1 g of protein has 4 calories 3 g of protein = 3 * 4 = 12 calories The protein content is (12/190) * 100 = 6. 32% Dinner: Vanilla Yogurt (Single serving = 225 g) Calories in a single serving = 110 Fat content is 2 g g of fat has 9 calories 2 g of fat = 2 * 9 = 18 calories The fat content is (18/110) * 100 = 16. 36 % Protein content is 5 g 1 g of protein has 4 calories 5 g of protein = 5 * 4 = 20 calories The protein content is (20/110) * 100 = 18. 18% Now, see what the food industry calculations would have been †¦ Breakfast: Oatmeal (Single serving = 45 g) Fat content is 2 g The fat content is (2 /45) * 100 = 4. 44 % Protein content is 1. 8 g The protein content is (1. 8/45) * 100 = 4% Lunch: Raisin Bran Crunch (Single serving = 60 g) Calories in a single serving = 190 Fat content is 1 g The fat content is (1/60) * 100 = 1. 7 % Protein content is 3 g The protein content is (3/60) * 100 = 5% Dinner: Vanilla Yogurt (Single serving = 225 g) Calories in a single serving = 110 Fat content is 2 g The fat content is (2/225) * 100 = 0. 89 % Protein content is 5 g The protein content is (5/225) * 100 = 2. 22% Conclusion: The above calculations speak for themselves. The actual fat/protein contents in packaged food stuffs are much more than what the food industry claims. This is misleading. The nutrition experts must enlighten the general public about this distorted information and help all towards better health.

Nitrogen essays

Nitrogen essays Nitrogen is nonmetallic, odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas. Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the earths atmosphere. Rutherford discover nitrogen in 1772. On the periodic table of elements Nitrogen is diatomic and has the chemical symbol of N. The atomic number is 7, and its atomic weight is 14. There are 7 protons, neutrons, and electrons in a nitrogen atom. The gas can be condensed in liquid state that has a boiling point of -195.8 degrees celcius or froze at -209.9 degrees celcius. Even though nitrogen does not combine easily with other elements, the atoms are parts of many chemical There are many uses of nitrogen. Manufacturers can obtain pure nitrogen by making liquid air. After that they separate the nitrogen from the oxygen and other gases in air by distillation. After distilled nitrogen is collected under pressure in specially designed metal containers. The most important use of nitrogen is in the production of ammonia (NH3). Ammonia is used as a fertilizer, as a refridgerant, and in the production of nitric acid and other chemicals. Nitrogen compounds are also important to the making of drugs, dyes, explosives, poisons, and synthetic fibers. Nitrogen is one of the most important elements on the periodic table. All organisms must have nitrogen to live. Proteins are formed of amino acids, which nitrogen is part of all the amino acids. Nitrogen is always being removed from the air and teturned to it in a series of chemical reactions known as the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycly is the circulation of nitrogen among the atmosphere, the soil and water, and the plants and animals of the earth. People influence the nitrogen cycle, but it is harmful to the atmosphere. The use of nitrogen fertilizers adds nitrogen to the soil, and then rain water carries unused fertilizer and other nitrogen compounds into streams and lakes, where the ...

Modern Day Scarlet Letters essays

Modern Day Scarlet Letters essays How would Hesters scarlet letter compare to some of the scarlet letters of today? Would Hesters act of adultery really be considered as bad as some of the other problems that occur in our world today? Hesters actions today wouldnt have received the same attention as they did back in her time. People today are much more accustomed to issues such as adultery because they constantly hear about it and have really just learn to deal with it in a normal every day sort of way. We still see many problems with the actions of people in our society today; its just that we have many different and more severe problems in our world. Contemporary scarlet letters are more serious than the ones in the Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, but still relate to what Hester experienced. Adultery was the theme of The Scarlet Letter it was seen as one of the most awful and disrespectful acts that could be committed at that time. All people back then were fairly religious, and the church played a key role in their lives; it gave them a set of morals and rules they had to follow to live a happy, respectful, and fulfilling life. Whenever some one broke the laws and morals set by the church, as in the case of adultery, they were severely punished, because they went against morals and laws that were higher than government, they broke the law of God, which was more important to people back then than government. People today treat adultery very differently. The idea of God isnt as influential as it was back in the 1700s, because not everyone shares that belief in God; in the United States, there is a very mix of religions and spiritual backgrounds, and that diversity makes it hard to compose one correct set of morals based on religion. Therefore, acts such as adultery arent punished so harshly, because everyone doesnt see it as being wrong. ...

The Great Gatsby review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Great Gatsby review - Essay Example This is apparently illustrated by Nick who relocates to New York in search of a better future. At the end of the film, Gatsby exclaims to Nick that he was born penniless. Gatsby was a millionaire who was renowned in the neighbourhood, and this goes to show that success is possible for anyone as provided for by the second tenant of the American Dream. The two final tenets of the ideals of the American Dream are not well depicted in the film. Success is attained through hard work is the third principle. It is not clear to establish what Gatsby did to amass such wealth but there is an instance where Tom accuses him of bootlegging alcohol and conducting other illegal deeds. If in deed this is the reason why Gatsby was wealthy, the third principle does not apply in this case. The same can be said about the fourth tenet that asserts that success is associated with virtue. The hint of involvement in illegal practices may invalidate this tenet in the case of Gatsby and also he plans to take Daisy away from

The Introduction of Management Techniques and National Culture Research Paper

The Introduction of Management Techniques and National Culture - Research Paper Example HRM itself is the new avatar of ‘Personnel Management’. Personnel management was largely concerned with the technical aspects of hiring, evaluating, training, and compensating employees. HRM, on the other hand, leaves scope for career building of the employee, development of a professional relationship and the satisfaction aspect. It is no more a mere "staff" function in the organizations. The main reason for attempts to avoid bad publicity is because as per a recent study seventy per cent of world trade—â€Å"including one-third of all manufacturing exports, three-quarters of all commodity trade, and four-fifths of technical and management services trade†Ã¢â‚¬â€was accounted for by the 500 largest MNCs. Changes in almost every aspect of human life are taking place very rapidly in a pervasive and profound manner. This change is engulfing technologies, products, processes, materials and above all, People. Globalization leads the changing scenario, bringing in newer technologies, a new phenomenon of the knowledge worker and of course the competitive era. In view of the competition and globalization companies start exploring avenues for growth within and outside the borderline of their country of origination. Therefore, it is amply clear from the above diagram that companies are required to take care of a number of factors while planning to go global. Expanding business operations beyond national boundaries, while continuing the commitment to local markets requires more complex business structures. Large, worldwide businesses tend to evolve from international to multinational to global structures.

Improving the Presidential Election Process Essay

Improving the Presidential Election Process - Essay Example ults collected from primary elections and caucuses are used to determine the number of delegates to be assigned to the national conventions of each party (Sabato, 2006, p 61). The appointed delegates then select the presidential nominees basing on the party’s by-laws for their parties as they move towards November General Elections. This system of undertaking caucuses and presidential primaries is faced with shortcomings when some states hold their primary elections and caucuses earlier than others leading to biased allocation of delegates in each state. On the contrary the process is successful when campaign costs are cut down due to candidates concentrating resources in one state at a time because of the prolonged period of both caucuses and primary elections. According to the United States electoral procedures, delegates elected into the national conventions are charged with the responsibility of nominating official presidential candidates for the two major political parties of the United States (Kendall, 2000, p 56). To provide a balanced electoral system for the primary elections and caucuses, there need to be a balanced primary system where primary contents could be held in between late January and late May. Each state should be assigned a specific time frame and provision for electing 12% of delegates from a single state for party nominations. Using this system will have provisions where larger states will have more positions for additional delegates since the smaller states would have been catered for. In addition, a balanced diversity in the contest could be maximized by pairing liberal states with conservative states and urban areas to be harmonized with rural areas. By implementing this proposed system of conducting both primary elections and caucuses in each state, lesser known political candidates will get an equal chance to be nominated just like their influencing opponents. Furthermore it will cut down on advertising costs and travel time hence

Law for Non Lawyer Essay Example for Free

Law for Non Lawyer Essay As for one action, no matter it is legal or not is not only matches the law clauses, but also complies with the legal principle. Legal principle plays a vital role in the society. In the situation that the existing law would not have the ability to solve the new problems happened in the society, the legal principle can play a part in solving the problem. As for these situations that there are no explicit legal rules to solve the issue, the legal principle would take it. As for the relationship of the agent, the agent can represent the principal to do some things. Even if the contract is formed by the agent and the third party, the principal should take the responsibility finally. Body The Lawï ¼Å' unlike other rules, it is a symbol of authority and power. It relies on the compelling force of the state by different means of punishment. The law can be taking into many different forms, such as public law and private law, civil law and criminal law, common law and statute law, and so on. Public Law regulates the relations between citizens, companies and private associations on the one hand and the state on the other. Generally speaking, public law consists of Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, and Criminal Law. Private law regulates the relations between citizens, companies and private associations, such as tort law, contract law, land law, commercial law, and so on. Therefore, the law would play a role of guidance to people. For example, according to the criminal law, we can know what we can do and what we can not do. Under the press of the law, based on the fear of the punishment, we can prevent ourselves from committing a crime. Taking contract law for another example, the parties of the contract should bear the responsibility ruled in the contract. The unconstrained agreement is the basic element to a contract. Every party of the contract should comply with the quest ruled by the contract law. As for the application of common law, the judges should follow the previous decisions made in the process of the development of the law through doctrine of precedent. On the contrary, statute law is the laws made by the parliament. As for the use of the law in daily life, legal principle is one of the most important parts. At some situations, the application of the legal principle is more important than the legal clauses themselves. Due to the rapid development of the society and the economy, the evolution of the law can not keep up with the pace of the society and economy. In a result, in some cases, the existing law would not have the ability to solve the new problems happened in the society. So, as for these situations that there are no explicit legal rules to solve the issue, the legal principle is playing a vital role. According to the opinion of Leslie Green, another reason for the use of the legal principle is that law may be beneficial, but only in some contexts and always at a price, at the risk of grave injustice.[1] In general, the legal principle is formed in the process of the development of the law, experiencing a long history. It is always absorb the beneficial historical sources and develop into a useful material to match the need of the modern society for the law. It also develops to apply from an area to another area.[2] There are many legal principles can be used in our daily life. Such as the principle that everyone is equal before the law, signing a contract freely, protecting the public order and good morals, and so on. In the case of the background, although the action asking the friends to attend the party is match the rule of the law of the Prohibition of Unsolicited Parties (Fictitious) Act 2010, Derek violates the legal principle of protecting the public order and good morals. As a result, Derek should take some responsibility in the civil law. In the case, Ray, the Manager of a builder’s merchants, asks Derek, a Sales Assistant at the same workplace, to keep an eye on his 5-acre smallholding while he is on holiday in Spain. Derek emails a few of his friends to attend his 21st birthday party in a disused barn on Ray’s farm land. Due to a technical error, the email was sent to his entire email address book. Over 600 people arrive at the party and a neighbor farmer calls the police complaining about the noise. Derek is arrested for breach of the Prohibition of Unsolicited Parties Act 2010. For the Act, it applies to a gathering of more than a hundred people on land for a social purpose in which it is likely that alcohol will be consumed. It is a criminal offence to organize such a gathering without the permission of a local magistrate unless the organizer is an exempt person. (James B. Crippin, Jerry Ahern. Peter Squires. 2011) For the birthday party, it gathers over 600 people, it is up to the mustard of rally, that is, (1) particular majority participate; (2) participants have a more consistent motivation and purpose; (3) in the course, it has the serious violations, damage to public order, harm public safety or others. So, it needs to receive the permission of a local magistrate, otherwise, it will violate the Prohibition of Unsolicited Parties Act 2010. From the case of the background, we can see Derek and Ray form an oral contract and an agent relationship. In general, a contract is formed at the basic of the mutual assent between the parties.[3] According to the view of Miguel Pickard, the relationship formed among the people is aim at the interests of the parties.[4] The agent relationship formed between Derek and Ray is a typical example. In the stage of the leave of Ray, Derek, as the agent of Ray, would gain some rights as well as some responsibilities. Agent is formed by two parties: the agent, the principal. In the sense of the law, the relationship of agent has three parties: agent, principal and the third party. An agent is the one who is empowered to represent the principal to do some things, either implied or expressly. In the real life, although the contract is signed by the agent and the third party, in fact, the legal relation is created between the principal and the third party. An agency is formed either by express agreement or by implied agreement. In general, the relationship of agent formed by implied agreement is shaped in some necessary or emergent situations or shaped by custom. Such as a person entrusts with others’ property, need to preserve immediately, impossible or extraordinarily difficult to communicate with the principal. Once two people create the agent relationship and publish to public by words or other forms, this means that the third party has the evidence t believe their agent relationship. The agent and the principal can not deny the relationship casually. If the third party believes one person who is actually no authority to represent the principal is the agent of the principal and do some trade or sign an agreement with this person, the principal can ratify the authority afterwards. But there are some limiting conditions for the ratification: the principal who should have the contractual capacity must be informed of all the fac ts of the agency and ratify the authority during a reasonable time; the ratification must be of the entire contract and can be inferred. As long as the authority is ratified, the relation formed between the agent and the third party is binding to the principal.[5]As for the agent relationship, all of the parties should take their own responsibility and enjoy the right. The agent should follow the principal’s instructions. The agent can not make profits in the name of the principal for himself secretly. In general, the right of the agent to represent the principal is limited. If the agent makes profits secretly making use of the benefit of the principal, it is illegal.[6] In order to serve for the principal, the agent would ask for remuneration from the principal. The agent has right to ask for indemnity and reimbursement from the principal as long as injured or hurt during the stage of agency. Once the principal tries to avoid the liability, the agent enjoys the right of lien. The principal should make explicit authority to the agent and give relevant reward to the agent. If the agent does not represent the principal as the follow of the principal, the principal can use some remedies, such as refuse to pay the agent, sue for damage, ask the agent to recover the thing as before. The most important legal effect of the agent relationship is that the principal should take the responsibility of the acts of the agent. In the case of the background, the action of the agent of purchasing the apartment is binding to the principal. The principal should take the responsibility for the agent action. The trade made by the agent and the third party is binding to the principal.[7] In general, the principal is not always disclosing. As for the disclosed principal, the principal is bound by any contract unless the following situations: the agent exceeds their authority, the agent agrees to be liable and the principal is non existent. With respect to the undisclosed principal, the third party can choose one or more to take the liability, while the principal can sue unless the identity of the party is essential to the contract. The agent relationship can be terminated for many reasons. The agent and the principal can make an agreement to end the relationship. The relationship also can be ended by other legal reasons, such as the death of one of the agent or the principal, time is expiring, and so on. In the case of the background, Derek, as the agent of Ray, gets some rights authorized by Ray. Derek can use the smallholding in reasonable means. Although Derek does not need to take the Criminal responsibility, he should bear the civil liability for his action which affects the normal life of the neighborhood around the smallholding. But, according the law about the agent, the principal Ray would be the first defendant. After Ray bears the responsibility for the action of Derek, Ray can ask for Derek to undertake the liability for his action. According to the Prohibition of Unsolicited Parties (Fictitious) Act 2010, this Act applies to a gathering of more than a hundred people on land for a social purpose. But it is a criminal offence to organize a gathering if there is without the permission of a local magistrate unless the organizer is an exempt person. In the act, the exempt person means the occupier, any member of his family or his employee or agent of his. In the case of the background, Ray asks Derek to keep an eye on his 5-acre smallholding while he is on holiday in Spain. According to the Prohibition of Unsolicited Parties (Fictitious) Act 2010, as the agent of Ray during his holiday in Spain, Derek in entitled to use the smallholding for some purpose. In order to celebrate the twenty-first birthday, Derek asks his friend to attend the party is match the provisions of the Prohibition of Unsolicited Parties (Fictitious) Act 2010. Even if Derek does not gain the permission of a local magistrate, he also has the right to hold the party at the reason that he is an exempt person. The reason why Derek is an exempt person is that Derek becomes the agent of Ray in the period of Ray’s leave due to the agreement of both parties. However, even if the action of Derek to ask his friends to attend the party is comply with the quest of the Prohibition of Unsolicited Parties (Fictitious) Act 2010, Conclusion In general, on action can infringe several laws. At the same time, one action is punished either it does not comply with the provision of the law or it does not match the legal principle. At some situations, legal principle plays a vital role in the society. In the situation that the existing law would not have the ability to solve the new problems happened in the society, the legal principle can play a part in solving the problem. As for these situations that there are no explicit legal rules to solve the issue, the legal principle would take it. As for the relationship of the agent, the agent can represent the principal to do some things. Even if the contract is formed by the agent and the third party, the principal should take the responsibility finally. Just as the case in the background, Derek should take the responsibility for his action. Reference ï ¼â€  Bibliography [1] Bolton Partners v Lambert (1889) 41 Ch D 295 [2] Christina Maria Vogerl, â€Å"Unfair Terms in Standard Form Contracts†, European Master Program in Law Economics. [3] Leslie Green, â€Å"the concept of law revisited†, Michigan Law Review, vol.94; 1687 [4] Lloyd Grace, Smith Co [1912] AC 716 [5] Lunghi v Sinclair [1966] WAR 172 [6] Miguel, P 2007,‘reflections on relationships: the nature of partnership according to five NGOs in southern Mexico’, Development in Practice, volume 17, numbers 4-5 [7] P. J. du Plessis, â€Å"The Creation of Legal Principle†, Roman Legal Tradition, 4 (2008), 46–69, ISSN 1943-6483 [8] James B. Crippin, Jerry Ahern. Peter Squires. (2011). â€Å"First Response to Bombing Incidents and Weapons of Mass Destruction†. Chemical Rubber Company Press. [9] Aled Griffiths, â€Å"How are statutes interpreted?†, page617, Law for Non-Lawyers, Second Edition, ISBN 978-0-85776-696-0 [1] Leslie Green, â€Å"the concept of law revisited†, Michigan Law Review, vol.94;1687 [2] P. J. du Plessis, â€Å"The Creation of Legal Principle†, Roman Legal Tradition, 4 (2008), 46–69, ISSN 1943-6483 [3] Christina Maria Vogerl,â€Å"-$%01234;@EFLRWX_hiwxyÃ… ½Ãƒ µÃƒ ¬Ãƒ  Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ µÃƒ ¬Ãƒ µÃƒâ€Ãƒ ¬Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ ¬Ã‚ ³Ã‚ §Ã…“? ³Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ³{ ³m ³aTD ³h–à ¬hà a «5?CJ aJ mHh ´Chà a «5?CJ aJ h–à ¬hà a «5?CJ aJ o([pic]hßshà a «5?CJ aJ hà a «5?CJ aJ Unfair Terms in Standard Form Contracts†, European Master Program in Law Economics. [4] Miguel, P 2007,â€Å"reflections on relationships: the nature of partnership according to five NGOs in southern Mexico†, Development in Practice, volume 17, numbers 4-5 [5] Bolton Partners v Lambert (1889) 41 Ch D 295 [6] Lunghi v Sinclair [1966] WAR 172 [7] Lloyd Grace, Smith Co [1912] AC 716

Jesse Owens Biography

Jesse Owens Biography 1936: The Olympic Games were being held in Berlin, Germany. Berlin was buzzing with excitement. The Nazi Party was currently in control at the time. Hitler deemed that his perfect race would dominate the games. Jesse Owens proved him wrong. Beating many Nazis, he became one of the best runners in history. Jesses life leading up to his performance at the 1936 Olympic Games was a hard one, being a sickly child living in a poor family. On September 12, 1913, James Cleveland Owens, named J.C later, was born on a farm in Oakville, Alabama to Henry and Mary Emma Owens. They were both former slaves. He was the youngest of ten brothers and sisters. He grew up as a sickly child, constantly getting pneumonia and other illnesses. He had many other lung problems as well. In his daily life, he would work on the farm and going to a small, one room school house nine miles away from his home. When he was working on the farm he would help pick cotton out of the fields. He would pick about 100 pounds of cotton a day. This was hard on the childs lungs, and with his lung problems, this wasnt a good thing. When he was 10, his family moved to Cleveland, Ohio to find better work. This transition was hard for this family from the deep South. There, he worked part time at a cobblers shop and got to attend a real school. On the first day of school, he told the teacher that his name was J.C. She misunderstood his southern accent and thoug h he said Jesse. He was to shy to correct her, so this is how his name came to be. By the time Jesse reached junior high, he was wise of the ways of the streets. There he met two people that would change the rest of his life. The first was Minnie Ruth Solomon, a young woman whose family had moved north from a farm in the south, just like Jesses family had just done. As high schoolers, they both fell in love fast. The second was Charles Riley, the man who introduced Jesse to track and field. He saw potential in him, even though he hadnt shown any special athletic ability. To help Jesse, Charles beefed up his diet to help build up his muscles and help his still delicate legs. After this change in diet, Jesse impressed his new coach by running the 100- yard dash in 11 seconds, which was a remarkable time for a 15-year-old. After a while, Charles entered Jesse in other events, including the long and high jump. During this time of Jesses success, the Great Depression started. If not for his mother, Jesse would have had to leave school. But she insisted that he enroll at East Technical High School. Soon after Jesses enrollment, Charles Riley was hired as an assistant coach. Jesse continued to progress under Rileys coaching. He was named captain of the track and field team at his school and was elected as the student body president. This was a huge accomplishment because he went to a predominantly white school. This went on to show his outgoing personality and his athletic accomplishments. His accomplishments in high school were a pre-cursor to his success to come. In 1933 he entered Ohio State University under an unofficial scholarship. To make up for the money he worked part time jobs, such as a night elevator operator, pumped gas, worked in a library, and served as a page in the Ohio Statehouse. Jesse made his big appearance at the 1935 Big Ten meet in Michigan. The meet established his presence by finishing well in his events, winning three of his four. At the Big Ten Championship that may, he surprised people by breaking five world records and tying another, all in a span of 45 minutes. He almost didnt compete because of a sore back that he had because of a fall down a flight of stairs. He eventually convinced his coach to let him compete. To test his back, he ran the 100- meter dash. He ran an amazing time of 9.3 seconds. That is where he became a national star. Three years before, Ruth Solomon, his soon to be wife, had given birth to a daughter. When Ruths parents, they wouldnt allow her to see Jesse. Although they lived apart, Jesse sti ll sent money to help Ruth pay for their daughters needs. In July of 1935, he married Ruth Solomon in Cleveland. The following year, he was suspended from the Ohio State track and field for poor grades. He worked hard to raise his average, just in time for the spring. He went to the Olympic trials for the 1936 summer Olympics. He dominated the sprint events there and emerged on the top of the American squad. Jesses amazing collegiate career was his introduction to the nation and the world and a sign of a soon to be great Olympian. The crowd roared with excitement as the opening ceremony of the 1936 Olympics games in Berlin began. With Adolf Hitler present, thousands of people stood and saluted the Nazi flag, showing their patriotism for their motherland. Hitler claimed that the Aryan race was going to dominate the games, but Jesse proved that Hitlers perfect race wasnt so perfect after all. Though, Jesse couldnt have gone to these games if it hadnt been for the decision of the United States Olympic Committee. As first, they were planning on boycotting the games because it might show support of the Nazi partys racial beliefs and anti- Semitic policies. Evidence was being presented that Jewish athletes were not being treated fairly. The decision was made by the Amateur Athletic Union, the biggest non-profit organization in the nation that helps promote amateur athletics and physical fitness. The group in favor of no boycott won by two and a half votes. That meant that there would be a squad going to the Olympic Games. So, at that very Olympic Games, Jesse Owens showed his superiority in track and field. At these games, he stood at 510 and weighed 165 lbs. In Berlin, he won his first gold medal in the 100- yard dash with a time of 10.3. He then went on to capture the long jump with a world record breaking distance of 26 feet 5 inches. During this event, an incident happened that almost had Jesse disqualified from the event. During his practice jump, the judges counted it as his first jump. The next jump he jumped over the line, causing a fault on his part. Finally, on the last jump, he jumped his record- breaking leap, defeating his competition German Competition, Luz Long. After this event, Hitler refused to shake his hand after his win over Long. He then went on to go a record- shattering 20.7 in his 200- meter. He returned home a celebrity, hailed in open car parades and banquets. After the Olympics, Long and Owens became close friends for a long time. This relationship showed true sport smanship that was to be showed at the games. Jesses Olympic experience not only showed his athletic ability, but he was also a voice for anti- racism saying that there was no dominant race. Jesses life after the Olympics was a very sentimental time for him. Not only did he advertise for certain companies, he had jobs with certain associations. The things that he did after the Olympics earned him great sums of money. He talked at banquets, worked for endorsements, advertised, and much more. He was well known for talking to youth groups, professional organizations, civic meetings, sports banquets, PTA, church organizations, brotherhood and black history programs, as well as high schools and college ceremonies. He also had many jobs. He was a public relation s representative and consultant to many corporations, including Atlantic Richfield, Ford, and the United States Olympic Committee. He went on tour as a leader of a 12- piece orchestra. He went barnstorming with basketball and baseball teams and put on running exhibitions. But, the greatest job that he loved most was a playground director in Cleveland. He also worked with underprivileged children there too as a board me mber and former director of the Chicago Boys Club. He eventually couldnt take the prolonged separation from his family, so he decided to open a Laundromat in the area of his home. In 1940 he suffered a double major loss when his mother died and the Internal Revenue Service got after him for back taxes. That forced him to close his business, lowering his income. Feeling bad for not working harder as a student, he was determined to go back to Ohio State to receive a degree since the loss of his business. Even though he tried hard, it was to difficult for him and he quit after a year. When World War II started he was hired by the government to organize physical- fitness programs. This helped him earn income after the fall of his company. After that, he took a satisfying job with the Ford Motor Company in Detroit to look after the social need of thousands of black workers on the Ford payroll. After the war, he moved to Chicago with his family. He then when into the public relations busi ness, using his still- famous personality for the use of a variety of companies. His job became a boost when the Associated Press named him the greatest track-and-field athlete in history in 1950. As the years passed, he watched in sadness as his records were broken. He was a supporter of the black protest movement, but annoyed by it all at once. His still delicate lungs were still not holding up, and on March 31, 1980, James Cleveland Owens died of lung cancer. Jesse Owens is said to have been one of the most accomplished and astounding runner in history. He beat many German athletes, proving that the Hitlers perfect race was not perfect. He took the lead for many generations of athletes to come to work for you want and do not give up. The Berlin Olympics broke the popular idea of society that there is race that is dominant over another and that to do something successful, you must be one race. Jesse Owens was the man that proved society wrong.